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AOD-9604

Also known as: Anti-Obesity Drug 9604, Tyr-hGH177-191, AOD9604

Research Only

Molecular Formula

C78 H123 N23 O23 S2 Fr Ba

Molecular Weight

1,815.1 Da (Free Base; Acetate form is separate)

Half-Life

Unknown in human circulation (~4 minutes in vitro in murine plasma; no human in-vivo PK data available)

Sequence

Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (cyclic Cys7-Cys14 disulfide)

Clinical Applications & Evidence

Mechanism of Action

In preclinical rodent models, AOD-9604 was reported to stimulate lipolysis and inhibit lipogenesis in adipose tissue, potentially involving β3-adrenergic pathways without activating canonical hGH receptors or elevating IGF-1. However, the FDA's scientific evaluation concluded that its precise molecular targets and human mechanisms remain unestablished, and clinical trials failed to translate these rodent lipolytic observations into significant human body-weight reduction.

Investigated Uses

  • Obesity management (Clinical trials conducted including 502-patient OPTIONS study; failed primary & secondary weight loss endpoints — not FDA-approved)
  • Osteoarthritis & cartilage repair (Preclinical — rabbit intra-articular models only; unstudied in human trials)
  • Adjunct oncological delivery (Preclinical — in-vitro MCF-7 breast cancer cell nanoparticle studies only)
Early Clinical / Animal Models

Regulatory & Safety Status

FDA Status

Research Only

WADA / Athletic Status

Prohibited at All Times (WADA S4.4.1)

Known Side Effects

Short-term oral and IV trial reports noted headache, diarrhea, flatulence, and fatigue (incidence similar to placebo)Human subcutaneous safety, systemic pharmacokinetics, and long-term safety remain unstudied in peer-reviewed literatureFDA safety assessment notes uncharacterized risks regarding peptide aggregation, impurities, and potential immunogenicity

Contraindications

  • WADA-tested athletes (Prohibited at all times under S0 Non-Approved Substances)
  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding (Safety uncharacterized; no reproductive toxicity studies available)
  • Active malignancy (Safety uncharacterized; unknown oncologic risk)

Drug Interactions

  • Formal human drug-interaction studies have not been conducted

Citations & Clinical Trials

FDA FDA Evaluation of AOD-9604 for Section 503A Bulk Drug Substances List (2024) FDA FDA Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee Meeting Minutes (Dec 2024) World Anti-Doping Agency WADA Official Statement on Substance AOD-9604 (S0 Non-Approved) PubMed Metabolic studies of a synthetic lipolytic domain (AOD9604) of human growth hormone (2001) PubChem PubChem Compound Summary for CID 71300630, AOD-9604