Peptide Registry

Semaglutide is a long-acting, synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist sharing 94% structural homology with native human GLP-1. Through strategic amino acid substitutions and the addition of a C-18 fatty di-acid side chain, it achieves a prolonged half-life via albumin binding and resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) degradation. Originally developed for glycemic control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, it exerts profound systemic effects including delayed gastric emptying, centralized appetite suppression, and favorable metabolic remodeling, extending its applications into chronic weight management, neurodegenerative diseases, reproductive endocrinology, and biological aging.

Tirzepatide is an extensively engineered, first-in-class imbalanced dual agonist of the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. Through synergistic incretin receptor activation, delayed gastric emptying, and centrally mediated appetite suppression, it delivers profound glycemic control and unparalleled weight reduction. Beyond its primary indications, it demonstrates transformative therapeutic potential in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and obstructive sleep apnea.

Body Protection Compound-157 (BPC-157) is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a naturally occurring protective protein found in human gastric juice. Exhibiting extraordinary pleiotropic effects, BPC-157 acts as a systemic biological stabilizer. It profoundly accelerates tissue repair across musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and neurological systems primarily by modulating the nitric oxide (NO) system and upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) to stimulate localized angiogenesis. Despite extensive and highly successful preclinical animal data demonstrating zero systemic toxicity, formal human clinical trials remain severely limited, placing the compound in a complex regulatory environment worldwide.

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is a highly conserved, 28-amino acid biologically active endogenous peptide initially isolated from the mammalian thymus gland. Functioning as a master homeostatic immunomodulator, it bridges the innate and adaptive immune systems by driving T-lymphocyte maturation, enhancing dendritic cell antigen presentation, and modulating the inflammatory cytokine cascade. With a four-decade history of clinical application, it serves as an essential therapeutic agent in oncology, viral infectious diseases, critical care immunology, and tissue regeneration.

CJC-1295 is an engineered synthetic analogue of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It is synthesized to stimulate the secretion of human growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from the anterior pituitary gland and liver, respectively. The peptide utilizes strategic amino acid substitutions to resist enzymatic degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). It exists in two primary chemical modalities: a shorter-acting variant lacking a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC) that promotes physiological pulsatile GH release, and a long-acting formulation conjugated with a DAC that binds covalently to endogenous serum albumin, extending its biological activity for over a week. Despite promising early clinical data regarding body composition and systemic recovery, the compound currently faces severe regulatory restrictions due to advanced toxicological findings indicating cellular mutagenesis.

Ipamorelin is a synthetic, highly selective pentapeptide and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR-1a) agonist. It stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from the pituitary gland without significantly altering cortisol, prolactin, acetylcholine, or other hormonal pathways. Originally developed for treating postoperative ileus and growth hormone deficiency, it is now widely researched for body composition, bone mineral density enhancement, and tissue repair.

TB-500 is a highly truncated, synthetic heptapeptide derivative corresponding exclusively to the active actin-binding domain (residues 17 through 23) of the ubiquitous, naturally occurring 43-amino acid parent protein, Thymosin Beta-4. Engineered to isolate the parent molecule's regenerative signaling properties, the compound functions as a pleiotropic biological participant. It primarily acts as an actin-sequestering agent, modulating the cellular cytoskeleton to promote rapid endothelial cell migration, stimulate localized angiogenesis via the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factors, and mitigate fibrous tissue deposition by modulating inflammatory cascades. While early-stage clinical models investigating formulations of the parent protein indicate profound efficacy in ophthalmological, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal repair, the isolated TB-500 fragment exists in a highly restricted regulatory environment.

Retatrutide is a highly engineered, synthetic, unimolecular triple agonist targeting the glucagon receptor (GCGR), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Currently in Phase 3 clinical development by Eli Lilly and Company, it is designed to achieve unprecedented reductions in body weight, optimize glycemic control, and resolve hepatic steatosis by simultaneously suppressing appetite, increasing insulin secretion, and stimulating baseline energy expenditure.

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a synthetic, cyclic heptapeptide analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Operating as a non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist with profound affinity for the MC4R subtype, the peptide functions centrally within the hypothalamus to modulate excitatory neurotransmitter pathways, thereby amplifying sexual desire and arousal. It is FDA-approved under the brand name Vyleesi for the on-demand treatment of acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women.

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide analogue of the endogenous immunopeptide tuftsin, modified with a Pro-Gly-Pro C-terminal sequence to enhance metabolic stability. Developed initially by the Russian Academy of Sciences, it demonstrates potent anxiolytic, nootropic, and neuroprotective properties. Unlike classical benzodiazepines, Selank modulates GABAergic signaling and gene expression without inducing sedation, cognitive impairment, or withdrawal, while simultaneously upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inhibiting enkephalin degradation.

GHK-Cu is an endogenous, pleiotropic copper-binding tripeptide natively present in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Exhibiting a steep, well-documented age-related decline, the molecule functions both as a precision intracellular copper delivery vehicle and as a profound epigenetic modulator. Through interactions that influence the expression of over 4,000 human genes, GHK-Cu effectively resets cellular transcriptional profiles to a more youthful state. The complex drives profound tissue repair, collagen synthesis, neuroprotection, and anti-inflammatory action by regulating key signaling cascades, including the upregulation of SIRT1 and TGF-β, alongside the forceful suppression of NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways.

Epithalon is a synthetic, four-amino-acid polypeptide engineered to replicate the biological activity of Epithalamin, a natural bovine pineal gland extract. Functioning as a broad-spectrum geroprotector, it mitigates age-related physiological decline by simultaneously inducing telomerase activation, modulating circadian rhythms via endogenous melatonin synthesis, stimulating epigenetic decondensation, and upregulating intrinsic cellular antioxidant defenses.

Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) is an endogenous, amphiphilic nonapeptide first isolated in 1974. It functions as a broad-spectrum neuromodulator and adaptogen. Beyond inducing slow-wave delta sleep, it exerts profound regulatory control over the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, circadian rhythms, and endogenous opioid-peptidergic systems. Despite widespread systemic influence, its exact genetic origin remains undefined. It holds significant therapeutic potential in sleep architecture optimization, substance withdrawal management, and neuroprotection, though its clinical deployment is heavily restricted by regulatory bodies due to theoretical immunogenicity risks.

A synthetic, lactam-bridged, cyclic heptapeptide analog of endogenous alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It functions as a superpotent, non-selective agonist of the melanocortin receptors (MC1R through MC5R), demonstrating profound multi-systemic effects on melanogenesis, neurogenic sexual arousal, and central energy homeostasis.

AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide fragment derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone (amino acids 176-191), engineered with an N-terminal tyrosine modification to enhance stability. It is designed to mimic the lipolytic (fat-burning) properties of native growth hormone without inducing the diabetogenic, mitogenic, or insulin-inhibiting side effects associated with full-length hGH administration.

LL-37 is the sole human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptide. It is a 37-amino-acid amphipathic alpha-helical molecule that serves as a cornerstone of the innate immune system. It exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, biofilm disruption, robust wound-healing properties, and complex, tissue-specific immunomodulatory effects.

Dihexa is a synthetic, orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable oligopeptide derived from angiotensin IV. Functioning as a positive allosteric modulator of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met receptor system, it possesses profound synaptogenic, spinogenic, and neuroprotective properties. While preclinical data demonstrates efficacy in reversing cognitive deficits and restoring motor function in models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, it currently lacks human clinical trial data and long-term safety validation.

MOTS-c is a 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded entirely within the 12S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. Functioning as a systemic, retrograde signaling hormone, it translocates from the mitochondrion to the nucleus under conditions of metabolic stress to regulate energy homeostasis. Its primary mechanism involves the targeted inhibition of the folate-methionine cycle, driving the intracellular accumulation of AICAR, which triggers non-canonical AMPK activation. This cascade promotes profound improvements in insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle preservation, immunological homeostasis, and systemic metabolic flexibility.

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide engineered from the N-terminal fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH 4-10). By isolating the neurotrophic domains of native ACTH and strategically attaching a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) tripeptide sequence, researchers developed a highly stable molecule entirely devoid of adrenal or hormonal stimulation. Delivered primarily via the intranasal route, Semax rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier to initiate massive transcriptomic shifts—modulating over 1,500 genes associated with neuroplasticity, immune response, and cerebrovascular regeneration. It represents a potent neuroprotective, anxiolytic, and nootropic agent utilized predominantly in Eastern Europe for acute stroke recovery and cognitive enhancement.

Liraglutide is a synthetic, long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that shares 97% homology with native human GLP-1. Engineered with a C-16 fatty acid (palmitic acid) and a glutamic acid spacer, it reversibly binds to human serum albumin, thereby resisting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) degradation. Originally developed as an anti-diabetic agent (Victoza) to improve glycemic control, its profound centrally-mediated effects on appetite suppression and delayed gastric emptying have led to its approval for chronic weight management (Saxenda). Beyond metabolic disease, liraglutide is actively investigated for neuroprotective applications in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, as well as for its potential in modulating cellular longevity through autophagy and mTOR pathways.