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Semaglutide

Also known as: Ozempic, Rybelsus, Wegovy, NN-9535, NNC0480 0389

FDA Approved

Molecular Formula

C187 H291 N45 O59

Molecular Weight

4,113.641 Da

Half-Life

~168 hours (approximately 7 days)

Sequence

HAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVRGRG

Clinical Applications & Evidence

Mechanism of Action

Agonizes the GLP-1 receptor to enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppress inappropriate glucagon release, delay gastric emptying, and activate hypothalamic and brainstem vagal pathways to reduce appetite and induce satiety. Modulates tissue-level homeostasis, including skeletal muscle preservation via SIRT1 activation and adipose tissue browning.

Investigated Uses

  • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  • Chronic weight management
  • Alzheimer's disease / Mild Cognitive Impairment
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS/PMOS)
  • Biological aging / Longevity
Extensive Clinical Data

Regulatory & Safety Status

FDA Status

FDA Approved

WADA / Athletic Status

Not Prohibited

Known Side Effects

NauseaVomitingDiarrheaAbdominal painConstipationAcute pancreatitisDiabetic retinopathy complicationsAcute kidney injuryPotential thyroid C-cell tumorsHypersensitivity reactions

Contraindications

  • Personal or family history of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)
  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2)
  • Known hypersensitivity to the drug or excipients
  • Pregnancy (requires two-month washout)

Drug Interactions

  • Narrow Therapeutic Index (NTI) oral medications (e.g., theophylline, warfarin, digoxin, levothyroxine) due to delayed gastric absorption
  • Insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas) and insulin due to hypoglycemia risk
  • NSAIDs, SSRIs, and statins (altered oral absorption)

Citations & Clinical Trials

RCSB PDB Drug Information: Semaglutide FDA OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection Prescribing Information WADA WADA Prohibited List and the Status of Semaglutide ClinicalTrials.gov Effect and Safety of Semaglutide in Obesity (STEP 1) Alzheimer's Association Evoke and Evoke+ Trials in Early Alzheimer's Disease