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GHK-Cu

Also known as: Copper Peptide, Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine:Copper(II)

Compounding Eligible

Molecular Formula

C14 H24 Cu N6 O4

Molecular Weight

404.93 Da (complexed) / 340.38 Da (base peptide)

Half-Life

2–4 hours (plasma circulation)

Sequence

Gly-His-Lys(Cu²⁺)

Clinical Applications & Evidence

Mechanism of Action

Operates via a dual mechanism. Initially, it safely chelates and transports transition metal copper(II) ions, an essential cofactor for numerous cuproenzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, cytochrome C oxidase, lysyl oxidase). Concurrently, it acts as a master epigenetic perturbagen. It upregulates regenerative pathways (SIRT1/STAT3, TGF-β1, Integrins) while aggressively suppressing pro-inflammatory and degradative signaling cascades (NF-κB, p38 MAPK, Interleukin-6, and Fibrinogen beta chains). It directly modulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) to orchestrate balanced extracellular matrix remodeling.

Investigated Uses

  • Skin rejuvenation and wrinkle reduction
  • Wound healing acceleration
  • Hair growth stimulation
  • Post-procedure skin recovery
  • Lung tissue remodeling (COPD research)
Moderate Clinical Data

Regulatory & Safety Status

FDA Status

Compounding Eligible

WADA / Athletic Status

Not Prohibited

Known Side Effects

Skin irritation (topical, rare)Injection site redness

Contraindications

  • Wilson's disease or copper metabolism disorders
  • Known copper allergy

Drug Interactions

  • May interact with chelating agents
  • Avoid combining with strong acids topically

Citations & Clinical Trials

PubMed Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide PubMed Intranasal GHK peptide enhances resilience to cognitive decline in aging mice FDA Bulk Drug Substances Nominated for Use in Compounding Under Section 503A